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Ubuntu系统入门教程-RTSP流相关工具介绍

Ubuntu系统入门教程-RTSP流相关工具介绍

说明：

  • 介绍GStreamer, VLC, FFmpeg 这几个工具，如何发送、接收 RTSP 流
  • 环境：Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)

GStreamer工具：

  • 安装：
sudo apt install libgstreamer1.0-0 gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-doc gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-x gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-gtk3 gstreamer1.0-qt5 gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio
  • 查看所有插件：
gst-inspect-1.0 -a
  • 播放 ~/Videos/test.mp4 文件
gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=~/Videos/test.mp4 ! decodebin ! autovideosink
  • 播放 /dev/video0 webcam
gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src device=/dev/video0 \
! video/x-raw, format=YUY2, width=640, height=480, framerate=30/1 \
! autovideosink
  • GStreamer RTSP Server
  • 编译 test-launch 例子
sudo apt install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstrtspserver-1.0
git clone https://github.com/GStreamer/gst-rtsp-server.git

cd gst-rtsp-server/
git checkout 1.18

cd examples/
gcc test-launch.c -o test-launch $(pkg-config --cflags --libs gstreamer-rtsp-server-1.0)
  • 用 test-launch 发送 RTSP 测试流
$ ./test-launch "videotestsrc ! x264enc ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96"
stream ready at rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test
  • 用 gst-launch 接收 RTSP 测试流
gst-launch-1.0 playbin uri=rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test
  • 发送 RTSP，以 test-launch
  • 发送 ~/Videos/test.mp4 文件:
./test-launch "filesrc location=/home/john/Videos/test.mp4 ! decodebin ! x264enc ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96"
  • 发送 /dev/video0 webcam
./test-launch "v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! video/x-raw ,width=640,height=480 ! videoconvert ! x264enc ! rtph264pay name=pay0 pt=96"
  • 接收 RTSP，以 gst-launch
gst-launch-1.0 playbin uri=rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test
# or
gst-launch-1.0 rtspsrc location=rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test ! decodebin ! autovideosink
  • x264 error: baseline profile doesn't support 4:2:2，解决

VLC工具

  • 安装
sudo snap install vlc  
snap connect vlc:camera :camera  
或    
sudo apt install vlc
  • 查看可用模块：
vlc --list
  • 播放 ~/Videos/test.mp4 文件
vlc file:///home/john/Videos/test.mp4
  • 播放 /dev/video0 webcam：
vlc v4l2:///dev/video0:chroma=mjpg:width=640:height=480:fps=30
  • 发送 RTSP，以 vlc
  • 发送 ~/Videos/test.mp4 文件：
vlc file:///home/john/Videos/test.mp4 \
--sout '#transcode{vcodec=h264}:rtp{sdp=rtsp://:8554/test}'
  • 发送 /dev/video0 webcam：
vlc v4l2:///dev/video0:chroma=yuyv:width=640:height=480:fps=30 \
--sout '#transcode{vcodec=h264,width=640,height=480}:rtp{sdp=rtsp://:8554/test}'
  • 接收 RTSP，以 vlc
vlc rtsp://127.0.0.1:8554/test

FFmpeg工具

  • 安装
sudo apt install ffmpeg
  • 发送 RTSP，以 ffserver
  • 配置 ffserver.conf
HTTPPort 8091
HTTPBindAddress 0.0.0.0
RTSPPort 1554
MaxHTTPConnections 2000
MaxClients 1000
MaxBandwidth 1000
CustomLog -

<Stream test.mp4>
  File "/home/john/Videos/test.mp4"
  Format rtp
</Stream>
  • 开启 ffserver：
$ nohup ffserver -f ffserver.conf &

$ tail nohup.out
  libavcodec     57.107.100 / 57.107.100
  libavformat    57. 83.100 / 57. 83.100
  libavdevice    57. 10.100 / 57. 10.100
  libavfilter     6.107.100 /  6.107.100
  libavresample   3.  7.  0 /  3.  7.  0
  libswscale      4.  8.100 /  4.  8.100
  libswresample   2.  9.100 /  2.  9.100
  libpostproc    54.  7.100 / 54.  7.100
Wed Apr 21 11:28:39 2021 Opening feed file '/home/john/Videos/test.mp4' for stream 'test.mp4'
Wed Apr 21 11:28:39 2021 FFserver started.
  • 接收 RTSP，以 ffplay
ffplay rtsp://127.0.0.1:1554/test.mp4
  • 获取文件信息
$ ffprobe ~/Videos/test.mp4
ffprobe version 3.4.8-0ubuntu0.2 Copyright (c) 2007-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 7 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=0ubuntu0.2 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librubberband --enable-librsvg --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libopencv --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      55. 78.100 / 55. 78.100
  libavcodec     57.107.100 / 57.107.100
  libavformat    57. 83.100 / 57. 83.100
  libavdevice    57. 10.100 / 57. 10.100
  libavfilter     6.107.100 /  6.107.100
  libavresample   3.  7.  0 /  3.  7.  0
  libswscale      4.  8.100 /  4.  8.100
  libswresample   2.  9.100 /  2.  9.100
  libpostproc    54.  7.100 / 54.  7.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from '/home/john/Videos/test.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf58.20.100
  Duration: 00:10:22.04, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 4205 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (Main) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1920x1080, 4204 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 1200k tbn, 2400k tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler

获取Webcam信息

  • 安装v4l-utils
$ sudo apt install v4l-utils
  • 获取Webcam信息
$ v4l2-ctl --list-devices
HD Webcam: HD Webcam (usb-0000:00:14.0-13):
    /dev/video0
    /dev/video1

$ v4l2-ctl -d 0 --list-formats-ext
ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
    Index       : 0
    Type        : Video Capture
    Pixel Format: 'MJPG' (compressed)
    Name        : Motion-JPEG
        Size: Discrete 640x480
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1280x720
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 640x360
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 352x288
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 320x240
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 176x144
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 160x120
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)

    Index       : 1
    Type        : Video Capture
    Pixel Format: 'YUYV'
    Name        : YUYV 4:2:2
        Size: Discrete 640x480
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
            Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 1280x720
            Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 640x360
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 352x288
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 320x240
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 176x144
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
        Size: Discrete 160x120
            Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
  • 利用python发布rtsp视频流
import cv2

# 打开摄像头
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

# 设置视频编解码器和视频输出参数
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID')
output = cv2.VideoWriter('rtsp://localhost:8554/live.sdp', fourcc, 20.0, (640, 480))

# 检查摄像头是否成功打开
if not cap.isOpened():
    print("Error: Could not open camera.")
    exit()

# 主循环
while True:
    # 读取视频帧
    ret, frame = cap.read()

    # 检查帧是否成功读取
    if not ret:
        print("Error: Could not read frame.")
        break

    # 显示帧
    cv2.imshow('Frame', frame)

    # 将帧写入RTSP流
    output.write(frame)

    # 检查是否按下了 'q' 键，如果是则退出循环
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break

# 释放资源
cap.release()
output.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

参考：

  • https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/
  • https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/installing/on-linux.html
  • https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gst-rtsp-server
  • https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59068026/stream-webcam-with-gstreamer-rtsp
  • https://www.videolan.org/vlc/
  • https://askubuntu.com/questions/1224092/ubuntu-18-04-webcam-streaming-problem
  • https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000039870857
  • https://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Streaming_HowTo/Command_Line_Examples
  • https://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Streaming_HowTo/Advanced_Streaming_Using_the_Command_Line/
  • http://www.ffmpeg.org/
  • https://superuser.com/questions/1420328/streaming-rtsp-with-ffmpeg
  • https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37403282/is-there-anyone-who-can-successfully-run-real-time-streaming-with-ffserver

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