树莓派3-SD卡格式化-linux下格式化SD卡

格式化前准备

• 一张Miscro SD卡
• 读卡器
• 电脑，安装Linxu系统

格式化步骤

1. Linux下将SDCard格式化成Fat32文件系统。用fdisk命令，需要root权限，或者sudo。

2. 插上SDCard卡，执行如下命令fdisk -l 查看分区情况：

   #fdisk -l
   Disk /dev/sdb: 8054 MB, 8054112256 bytes
   49 heads, 29 sectors/track, 11070 cylinders, total 15730688 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
   /dev/sdb1 8192 15730687 7861248 b W95 FAT32

3. 目前分区为FAT32，再重复一次格式化，执行fdisk /dev/sdb1。删除分区，再重新分配

   #fdisk /dev/sdb1
   Command (m for help): d
   No partition is defined yet!

   Command (m for help): p

   Disk /dev/sdb1: 8049 MB, 8049917952 bytes
   248 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15722496 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk identifier: 0x00000000

     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
   

   Command (m for help): n
   Partition type:
   p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e extended
   Select (default p): p
   Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
   First sector (2048-15722495, default 2048):
   Using default value 2048
   Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15722495, default 15722495):
   Using default value 15722495

4. 查看分区信息，执行命令p

   Command (m for help): p

   Disk /dev/sdb1: 8049 MB, 8049917952 bytes
   248 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15722496 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk identifier: 0x00000000

     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
   

   /dev/sdb1p1 2048 15722495 7860224 83 Linux

5. 目前分区为Linux，转换成FAT32, 执行命令t, 选择1， 执行命令p，再查看分区信息

   Command (m for help): t
   Selected partition 1
   Hex code (type L to list codes): l //attention!This is L! Not number 1.

   0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
   1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
   2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
   3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
   4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
   5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
   6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
   7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
   8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
   9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
   a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
   b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
   c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
   e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
   f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
   10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
   11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
   12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
   14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
   16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
   17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
   18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
   1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
   1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
   1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
   Hex code (type L to list codes): b
   Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)

   Command (m for help): p

   Disk /dev/sdb1: 8049 MB, 8049917952 bytes
   248 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15722496 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
   /dev/sdb1p1 2048 15722495 7860224 b W95 FAT32

6. 需要将新的分区写入到sdcard，使用w命令

   Command (m for help): w
   The partition table has been altered!

   Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

   WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 22: Invalid argument.
   The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
   the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

   WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
   partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
   information.
   Syncing disks.

mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1  
mkfs.vfat 3.0.12 (29 Oct 2011)  
mkfs.vfat: /dev/sdb1 contains a mounted file system. 

7. 至此完成整个格式化